Stoney Creek Materials, L.L.C.
StoneyCrete™
Pervious Pavement
System
Stoney Creek Materials, L.L.C. innovative StoneyCrete™ Pervious Pavement creates
viable solutions for the storm water management and water quality standards
that are readily becoming the norm for new and existing land development. This
specification is presented as a recommended guide for all horizontal
applications.
Traditional
Portland cement pavement testing procedures based on strength, air content and
slump control are not applicable to this type of pavement material.
Stoney Creek Materials, L.L.C.
Voice 512.261.0821 Fax 512.261.8709
www.stoneycreekmaterials.com
GENERAL
PROVISIONS
100. SCOPE OF WORK
The work to be
completed under this contract includes the furnishing of all labor, materials
and equipment necessary for the construction of the proposed improvements in
conformance with the plans and specifications.
101. References:
A. American
Society of Testing and Materials
1.
ASTM C 29, Test for Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate.
2.
ASTM C 33, Specifications for Concrete Aggregates
3.
ASTM C 39, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens
4.
ASTM C 42, Text methods for Obtaining and Testing Drilled
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
5.
ASTM C 78, Standard Text Method for Flexural of Concrete
(Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
6.
ASTM C 140, Methods of Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry
Units
7.
ASTM C 150, Specifications for Portland Cement (Type I or II
only)
8.
ASTM C 172, Practice of Sampling Fresh Concrete
9.
ASTM C 494, Specifications for Chemicals Admixtures for
Concrete
10.
ASTM C 618, Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or
Calcimined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement
Concrete
11.
ASTM C 944, Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of
Concrete or Mortar Surfaces by the Rotating Cutter Method
12.
ASTM C 989, Specifications for Ground Granulated Blast
Furnace Slag for One in Concrete and Mortars
13.
ASTM E 329, Standard Recommended Practice for Inspection and
Testing Agencies for Concrete, Steel, and Bituminous Materials as Used in
Construction
14.
ASTM C 1077, Practice for Laboratories Testing Concrete and
Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for Laboratory
Evaluation
15.
ASTM C 448, Specification for Standard Sizes of Coarse
Aggregates for Highway Construction
102.
Contractor Qualifications:
The use of a Stoney Creek Materials, L.L.C.
Certified Installer is required. Prior to award of the contract, the placing
contractor shall furnish owner/engineer/architect a statement attesting to
qualifications, experience, and the following:
1.
A minimum of five completed projects with addresses
2.
Unit weight acceptance data
3.
Pavement test results including void content and unit weight
4.
Sample of product (i.e. core or test panel)
If the placing
contractor and concrete producer do not have sufficient experience with StoneyCrete™ Pervious Pavement, the placing contractor shall retain an
experienced consultant to monitor production, handling, and placement
operations at the contractor's expense.
200. MATERIALS:
201. General:
Locally available materials
having a record of satisfactory performance shall be used.
202. Cement:
Use Portland Cement Type I or
Type II conforming to ASTM C 150.
203.
Fly Ash:
Use Type F fly ash conforming to
ASTM C 618.
204.
Aggregate:
Use Federal
DOT No. 89 coarse aggregate (3/8 to No. 50) per
ASTM D448. If other gradation of aggregate is to be used, submit data on
proposed material to Stoney Creek
Materials, L.L.C. for approval.
205.
Air Entraining
Agent:
Not
applicable.
206.
Admixture:
Use StoneyCrete™ Admixture
207.
Water:
Use potable water or water that
complies with Federal DOT Standard Specifications.
208. Curing Agents:
Use curing
agents that are non-yellowing, non-reacting to cementitious materials. Contact Stoney Creek Materials,
L.L.C. for a list of recommended curing agents.
209.
Non-woven
Geo-textile Filter Fabric:
Use a non-woven polypropylene geo-textile filter fabric. Fabric should be inert to biological
degradation and resistant to chemicals, alkali and acid. (Like that of Mirafiâ 140N filter material)
300. PROPORTIONS:
301.
Concrete Mix Design:
Contractor shall furnish to the concrete "batch plant" a proposed
mix design that includes proportions of materials.
Standard Design Mix*
|
2700 |
Lbs. |
3/8” clean aggregate |
|
564 |
Lbs. |
Type I Portland Cement
including 20% “Type F” Fly Ash |
|
24 |
Gals. |
Municipal water |
|
2.5 |
Gals. |
StoneyCrete™ Admixture |
*This is the standard or typical design mix. Specific design mixes are available for unique applications. Contact your certified contractor or Stoney Creek Materials, L.L.C. for
design specifications.
302. Cement Content:
For pavements subject to
vehicular traffic loading, the total cementitious material shall not be less
than 564 lbs. per cubic yard, with a recommended 80% being Type l Portland and
20% being “Type F” Fly Ash.
303.
Aggregate
Content:
The volume of aggregate per cubic yard shall be equal to 27 cubic feet when calculated as a function of the unit weight determined in accordance with ASTM C 29 jigging procedure.
304. Admixture
Content
StoneyCrete™
Admixture
shall be 2.5 gallons per yard of concrete in accordance with Stoney Creek Materials, L.L.C. instructions
and recommendations.
305. Mix Water
Content:
Mix water
quantity shall be a minimum of 24 gallons per yard of concrete such that the
cement paste displays a wet metallic sheen without causing the paste to flow
from the aggregate. (Mix water quantity yielding a cement paste with dull-dry
appearance has insufficient water for hydration).
400.
SUB-GRADE
PREPARATION, FORMS:
401.
Sub-grade
permeability:
Prior
to placement of pervious pavement, the sub-grade shall be tested for rate of permeability by a suitable test of sub-grade soil
permeability. The tested permeability must reasonably compare to the design
permeability. A rate of 1/10th
of an inch per hour can be used as a minimum percolation rate if this meets
local water quality sedimentation/filtration/detention regulations.
402. Sub-grade
Support:
Scarify sub-grade organic material (3" min) and
proof roll to identify and eliminate any soft, wet, or puddle areas. Permeability of the sub-grade must be maintained. A
geo-technical study must be performed to establish suitable soil stability*.If
fill material (embankment) is required to bring the sub-grade to final
elevation, the fill material shall be clean and free of deleterious materials
per geo-technical study. Do not over compact the fill material.
*Should local geo-technical engineers be un-familiar with minimum requirements, please contact Stoney Creek Materials L.L.C. for assistance.
403. Sub-grade
Moisture:
The sub-grade shall be in a
moist condition (within +/- 3%) of the optimum moisture content as determined
by the modified compaction test ASTM D 1557.
404.
Filter Fabric Installation:
Placement of the non-woven geo-textile filter
fabric should be continuous throughout the entire storage area. This includes both the bottom and the walls
to the finish grade of the storage pond.
Seams should be overlapped a minimum of 12”.
405. Aggregate/Water Storage Material:
The depth of
crushed rock shall be determined by an engineering study for storm water
storage. The material shall be (but not limited to) aggregate 100% retained on
1 ½ inch sieve, 100% passing a 2-inch sieve with no fines (e.g. washed river
bed rock or crushed stone) per geo-technical study. Once in place, the aggregate shall be compacted in a single
pass using a plate or roller compactor to provide
uniform flat surface. Any truck ruts or other irregularities in the sub-grade
must be smoothed prior to placing the concrete. Immediately prior to concrete
placement, the aggregate shall be saturated with water in order to minimize
pulling moisture from freshly poured concrete.
406. Forms:
Forms may be made of wood or
steel and shall be the depth of the pavement. Forms shall be of sufficient
strength and stability to support mechanical equipment following spreading,
strike-off and compaction operations without deformation of plan profiles.
500. MIXING, HAULING, DISCHARGE, PLACING, JOINTING, CURING:
501.
Transportation:
The cement/aggregate mixture may be transported to the site
or mixed on the site.
502.
Delivery:
At
delivery, each mixer truck will be inspected for appearance of concrete
uniformity according to Section 305. A slump test shall be performed
prior to the introduction of the StoneyCrete™ Admixture. A slump of 4” to 6” is recommended at this
time. Water may be added to obtain the required mix consistency without causing
the paste to flow from the aggregate.
503.
Mix Time:
A minimum of
75 revolutions or 10 minutes (whichever is longer) at high mix speed shall be
required following the addition of StoneyCrete™
Admixture to the cement/aggregate mix.
504. Discharge:
Discharge shall be a continuous
operation and shall be completed as quickly as possible. Concrete shall be
deposited as close to its final position as practical. The fresh concrete must
enter the mass of previously placed concrete. The practice of discharging onto
sub-grade and pulling or shoveling to final placement is not allowed.
505. Jointing:
Transverse
control (contraction) joints may be installed at 20-foot intervals. They shall
be installed at a depth of ¼” to 3/8” in the pavement. Longitudinal control
joints may be installed at the midpoint of the constructed lane width that
exceeds 15 feet. These joints can be installed in the wet concrete (no saw
cut). The procedure should begin as soon as the pavement has been laid to
prevent raveling and uncontrolled cracking (normally after curing). Transverse
construction joints shall be installed whenever placing is suspended a
sufficient length of time that concrete may begin to harden. In order to assure
an aggregate bond at construction joints, existing concrete pavement surface
edge must be finished on a vertical (cold joint). Isolation (expansion) joints
will not be used except when pavement is abutting slabs or other adjoining
structures.
506. Placing and Finishing Equipment:
Unless
otherwise approved by Stoney Creek
Materials, L.L.C. or the consulting engineer in writing, the contractor
shall provide mechanical equipment of either slip form, vibrating screed, laser
screed, or comparable finishing apparatus including but not limited to an
asphalt/concrete lay down device that will provide a minimum of 10 psi vertical
force. The pervious concrete pavement will be placed to the required cross
section and shall not deviate more than + 3/8 inch in 10 feet from
profile grade. Surface-only applied vibration, if used, shall be shut off
immediately when forward progress is halted for any reason.
If hand
installation is necessary, a compaction device that provides sufficient
compactive effort shall be used immediately following the strike-off operation.
After mechanical or other approved strike-off compaction operation, no other
finishing operation will be allowed.
The contractor
will be restricted to pavement placement widths of a maximum of eighteen (18)
feet unless the contractor can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the
consulting engineer the competence to provide pavement placement widths greater
than the maximum specified.
507. Curing and Curing Agents:
Curing procedures should begin
within 20 minutes after placement. It is recommended that a curing agent be use
on all placements. (Contact Stoney Creek Materials, L.L.C. for a list of
recommended curing agents) Follow
manufactures instructions. An even
application should be applied after edging and finishing as a continuous
process to the placement of the pervious concrete. Such applications should
happen within the first 20 minutes of placement. A second application may be applied, as soon as the first coat
has dried. This sheen coat may be
provided to the customer for a more aesthetic finish. Unless extreme weather conditions are
present, NO covering is necessary.
After the recommended curing
agent has dried to a non-tacky surface, it is recommended in extreme weather
conditions (such as >90ºF or <40ºF or windy conditions), to cover the
pervious pavement surface with a minimum of six (6) mils thick polyethylene
sheet or other approved covering material. The cover shall overlap all exposed
edges of the pervious pavement and shall be secured (without using dirt or
stone) to prevent dislocation due to winds or adjacent traffic conditions. It
is recommended that this covering stay in place for a minimum of 72 hours.
600. TESTING, INSPECTION, ACCEPTANCE:
601.
Laboratory
Testing:
The
owner will retain an independent testing laboratory. The testing laboratory
shall conform to the requirements of ASTM E 329 and ASTM C 1077 and shall be
inspected and accredited by a recognized national authority.
The
agent of the testing laboratory performing field sampling and testing for
concrete shall be certified by the American Concrete Institute as a Concrete
Field Testing Technician Grade I, or by a recognized state or national
authority as an equivalent level of competence.
602.
Inspection and
Acceptance:
A minimum of one gradation test
of the storage aggregate is required to determine percent passing of the No.
200 sieve per ASTM C 117.
A minimum of one test for each
day's placement of pervious concrete shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM
C 172 AND ASTM C 29 to verify unit weight. Delivered unit weights are to be
determined in accordance with ASTM C 29 using a 1.25 cubic foot cylindrical
metal measure. The measure is to be filled and compacted in accordance with
ASTM C 29 Paragraph 11, jigging procedure. The unit weight of the delivered
concrete shall be +/-five (5) percent of design weight.
Test panels shall have two cores
taken from each panel in accordance with ASTM C 42 at a minimum of seven (7)
days after the placement of the pervious concrete. The cores shall be measured
for thickness, void surfaces, and unit weight. Untrimmed, hardened core samples
shall be used to determine placement thickness. The average of all production
cores shall not be less than the specified thickness with no individual core
being more than 1/2 inch less than the specified thickness. After thickness is
determined, the cores shall be trimmed and measured for unit weight in the
saturated condition as described in paragraph 6.3.1 "Saturation" of
ASTM C 140. The trimmed cores shall be immersed in water for 24 hours, allowed
to drain for one (1) minute, the surface water removed with a damp cloth, and
then weighed immediately. Ranges of satisfactory unit weight values are +/-
five (5) percent of the design unit weight.
After a minimum of seven (7) days
following each placement, three cores shall be taken in accordance with ASTM C
42. The core shall be measured for thickness and unit weight determined as
described above for test panels. Core holes shall be filled with concrete
meeting the pervious pavement mix design.
700. MAINTENANCE, CLOGGING, PREVENTION, SPECIAL RECOMMENDATIONS
701.
Maintenance:
The finished
and cured StoneyCrete™ Pervious Pavement
requires specific maintenance in order to maintain its pervious nature. It is
recommended as a minimum (but not limited to) that the surface be vacuumed 4
times per year, on three-month intervals, in order to lift any silt or debris
from the surface. This process will avert clogging of the pervious system. It
may be necessary to increase the frequency of vacuuming should over-hanging
vegetation, excessive dirt, and pollutants foul the pervious pavement surface.
Power washing
is also recommended at a minimum of a semi-annual basis in order to flush silt
or other contaminants from the pervious pavement. This is essential to
maintaining the permeability of the pervious system. It has been determined
that these fines cause little to no threat to the system when washed into the
lower and larger aggregate.
702.
Clogging and
Prevention
It has been
determined that the largest threat to clogging the system occurs during two
basic times in the life of the system.
The foremost
time is during the initial and/or re-modeling stages of construction, when
contractors use the pervious pavement areas to store materials such as sand,
gravel with fines, dirt, and/or landscape materials containing fines. These
contaminants will clog the pervious pavement surface. Ownership must assume the
responsibility of notifying these contractors to their responsibility to keep
the pervious pavement areas protected. Examples of protection methods include
(but are not limited to) using heavy Visqueen and/or plywood under such piles
and covering all piles to prevent blowing and/or washing away of such materials
due to weather conditions.
The second
most recognized threat to the permeability of the pervious system is the near
proximity of landscape ground covers such as mulch, dirt, or other organic
materials containing large amounts of buoyant fines which might float during
heavy rain showers or from poorly constructed or poorly maintained sprinkling
devices. These organic fines will clog the pervious pavement.
It is
recommended that such areas be designed to achieve two separate yet distinct
goals. Firstly, prevent washing and floating of materials over or through the
pervious system by grading or slumping drainage away from the pervious system.
Secondly, prevent larger fines from lodging in the system voids by adding a
filter material such as (but not limited to) sod to the vertical surface of the
pervious pavement closest to the landscape areas. A combination of grade slumping
and filter material is strongly recommended.
Note: Stoney Creek Materials, L.L.C. and/or
the installation contractor cannot assume nor will assume any responsibility
for the ongoing maintenance of the pervious system.
703. Special Recommendations:
Many are concerned with the
possibility of hydrocarbons leaching into the soil below the pervious pavement
system. Fortunately, naturally
occurring microorganisms will aerobically break down and rid the soil of these
hydrocarbons. Average soils possess
these microorganisms.
The secret in breaking down
hydrocarbons is the availability of oxygen and nutrients that promote the
healthy growth of the microbes. Stoney Creek Materials, L.L.C. recommends
the use of a Nutrient Supplement product to assist in the breakdown of the
hydrocarbons. Look under “Environmental Remediation Materials” at www.stoneycreekmaterials.com to see this product
and recommended dosages.
For standard parking lots, apply annual
dosages of the Nutrient Supplement. The product will need to be “watered in”
and made available to the oil for degradation. If applications are in heavy
industrial locations, a “pre-installation” application is recommended. This
will keep the nutrients available immediately for anticipated need. (When
necessary, use a sludge-busting microbiological material available at www.stoneycreekmaterials.com to degrade any
organic build-up on the top surface of the pavement).
For emergency spills, no excavation is
necessary when an emergency heavy dosage is available within 24 hours of the
spill. With this “Spill” dosage, the microbes will degrade the hydrocarbons to
eventually dispose of the pollutants.
703.2 Organic
Material Build-up, Clogging, and Clean-up:
When organic materials (leaves and
landscape materials) clog the surface of the pervious pavement, it is
recommended to use a sludge busting microbiological material available at www.stoneycreekmaterials.com under the
"Environmental Remediation Materials" heading. This material should
be applied during the leaf drop or when organic materials are dumped and clog
the surface.
The Sludge busting organics
should be watered in (a minimum of 1/2") and maintain a moist environment
for a minimum of 30 days. This allows the breakdown to fully take place and
restores complete permeability. Applying this during leaf drop will normally be
at a time of natural moisture.
703.3 Signage:
It is strongly
recommended/encouraged that signage is posted in landscaped areas and at
entrances to the property as reminders of the ecologically sensitive pavement
structure and that certain guidelines must be adhered to including (but no
limited to):
·
No piling of dirt, sand, gravel or landscape material
without covering the pavement first with durable cover in order to protect the
integrity of the pervious surface.
§
All landscape cover must be graded to prevent the washing
and/or floating of materials onto or through the pervious surface
§
All chemical spills (inclusive but not limited to
petrocarbons) should be reported to the property owners so they might determine
proper flushing and/or the usage of microbiological material in order to
neutralize any or all impact on the under soil/water ecological system.
These are some but may not be all
areas of concern that owners of such properties should post signage to protect
and prevent contamination of the pervious ecological system.
Special Note:
This information is intended to be used by the design professionals competent
to evaluate its significance and limitations and who will accept the
responsibility for its proper application. The Stoney Creek Materials, L.L.C. of Austin, Texas disclaims any and
all responsibility for any other use of the information supplied herein.